Clearing Up Confusion in the Field of Applied Behavior Analysis
If you’re exploring a career in applied behavior analysis—or supporting a loved one who receives ABA therapy—you’ve probably come across two commonly used titles: RBT and ABA therapist. These terms are often used interchangeably, but they don’t always mean the same thing.
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a science-based approach to improving socially significant behaviors. It’s most commonly used to support individuals with autism or developmental disabilities, but ABA principles are also applied in schools, clinics, and mental health settings to promote learning, communication, and independence.
In some job listings, “ABA therapist” refers to someone with a national credential. In others, it’s simply a general title for a behavioral aide or technician with no formal certification. This lack of consistency can be frustrating and confusing for job seekers, parents, and students alike.
This article will help you understand the key distinctions between an ABA therapist vs. RBT—why the difference matters, what each role typically involves, and how certification can shape your career path in behavior analysis.
What Is an RBT?
A Registered Behavior Technician (RBT) is a nationally recognized paraprofessional credential governed by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB). RBTs work directly with individuals receiving applied behavior analysis (ABA) services, most commonly children with autism or developmental disabilities.
To become an RBT, individuals must complete several standardized steps:
- A 40-hour training program based on the RBT Task List (2nd edition)
- A competency assessment conducted by a qualified supervisor
- A background check (as required by BACB policy)
- A passing score on the RBT exam administered by the BACB
Once certified, RBTs are required to work under the ongoing supervision of a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) or Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst (BCaBA). They must also adhere to the BACB’s RBT Ethics Code and complete continuing education and annual renewal steps to maintain their credential.
The RBT credential ensures that individuals delivering direct ABA services meet a consistent baseline of training, oversight, and ethical standards—making it a strong foundation for those entering the behavior analysis field.
What Is an ABA Therapist?
Unlike the RBT, “ABA therapist” is not a formally defined or regulated title. It’s a general job label used by employers to describe individuals who provide behavioral support services—typically within applied behavior analysis programs—but without a consistent standard for training or certification.
In some settings, an ABA therapist is an RBT with formal credentials. In others, the title may refer to a wide range of individuals delivering ABA services, such as:
- Uncertified paraprofessionals receiving on-the-job training
- Bachelor’s-level staff working as behavioral aides or interventionists
- Graduate students completing supervised fieldwork in applied behavior analysis
- Experienced professionals with psychology or education degrees working in behavioral support roles
Because “ABA therapist” is a general job title—not a regulated credential—its meaning varies significantly across employers and settings. Some ABA therapists may perform the same duties as RBTs under BCBA supervision. Others may hold advanced qualifications or function in specialized capacities without the RBT label.
In some cases, especially outside clinical circles, even Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) may be referred to as ABA therapists. While this isn’t technically accurate—BCBAs are the supervisors and treatment planners in ABA teams—it illustrates how loosely the term “ABA therapist” is applied in everyday language.
For job seekers, students, and families, this inconsistency can lead to confusion. If you see a job listing for an “ABA therapist,” it’s important to ask whether certification is required, whether training will be provided, and what kind of supervision and support are in place. These factors can greatly impact both the quality of care and the professional experience.
ABA vs. RBT: What Do They Actually Do?
When comparing job responsibilities in applied behavior analysis, it’s easy to assume that “ABA therapist” and “RBT” are interchangeable roles. While the duties often overlap, especially in hands-on work with clients, the key difference lies in training, certification, and supervision standards.
All RBTs are ABA therapists in the sense that they provide ABA services under the guidance of a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA). They have met national requirements for training, assessment, and ongoing supervision. However, not all ABA therapists are RBTs—and that distinction matters.
What RBTs Do
Registered Behavior Technicians follow a defined scope of practice established by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB). Their duties typically include:
- Delivering direct therapy based on behavior plans written by a BCBA
- Collecting data on skill development and behavior reduction
- Assisting with activities like communication training, social skills practice, or task completion
- Following ethical guidelines and supervision requirements
Because the RBT credential is standardized and widely recognized, clients and employers can expect a consistent level of preparation and accountability.
What ABA Therapists Might Do
The title “ABA therapist” is not regulated and can apply to a broad spectrum of roles within applied behavior analysis. Some ABA therapists are fully credentialed RBTs. Others may be:
- Paraprofessionals with on-the-job training
- Undergraduate or graduate students gaining clinical experience
- Staff members working in ABA clinics, school-based programs, or early intervention settings
- Professionals with degrees in psychology, education, or behavior analysis who are not credentialed as RBTs but bring other qualifications to their role. Learn more about how to become a therapist.
In many cases, ABA therapists carry out similar responsibilities as RBTs—implementing treatment plans, collecting behavior data, and working under BCBA supervision. However, because the job title is not standardized, expectations and qualifications can vary widely. Some ABA therapists function in entry-level support roles, while others may hold advanced degrees and extensive experience in behavioral intervention.
This variability makes it especially important to ask clarifying questions when evaluating job descriptions or providers. Knowing whether someone is an RBT helps establish the presence of standardized training, supervision, and adherence to a national code of ethics.
ABA Therapist vs. RBT: Salary and Career Outlook
While RBTs and ABA therapists may perform similar tasks, their compensation and career trajectories can differ—largely because RBT is a formal, entry-level credential and “ABA therapist” can describe a range of roles with varying education and responsibilities.
RBT Compensation and Career Path
RBTs typically earn hourly wages reflective of an entry-level role, often ranging from the high teens to low twenties per hour depending on region, experience, and employer. Some RBTs may receive higher pay if they specialize in areas such as early intervention, bilingual service delivery, or severe behavior cases.
Because the RBT is a nationally recognized credential, it can also serve as a launchpad for career growth. Many RBTs go on to pursue advanced education and credentials, such as becoming a BCaBA (Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst) or BCBA (Board Certified Behavior Analyst), which open doors to higher-level roles and salaries.
ABA Therapist Compensation Varies Widely
Since “ABA therapist” is not a regulated title, wages can range from entry-level to mid-career levels depending on the job description. In some cases, an ABA therapist may be an uncertified aide earning a similar hourly wage to an RBT. In other cases—especially when the position is filled by someone with a bachelor’s or graduate degree—the pay may be higher and reflect additional responsibilities.
Because the title lacks standardization, it’s important to evaluate each job individually to understand the expectations, training, and compensation being offered.
Broader Career Outlook
Although the BLS does not track RBTs or ABA therapists as distinct job titles, two occupational categories provide relevant context:
- Psychiatric Technicians and Aides
- Median Pay (2023): $39,610 per year or $19.05/hour
- Job Outlook (2023–33): 13% growth (much faster than average)
- These roles, like RBT positions, often require a high school diploma or associate degree and provide short-term on-the-job training.
- Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and Mental Health Counselors
- Median Pay (2023): $53,710 per year or $25.82/hour
- Job Outlook (2023–33): 19% growth (much faster than average)
- These positions typically require a master’s degree and reflect a common progression path for individuals who begin as RBTs or ABA therapists and continue their education.
Together, these data points suggest strong long-term demand in the behavioral health field—with opportunities for advancement as individuals gain experience, certification, or higher education.
Which Role Is Right for You?
If you’re exploring a career in applied behavior analysis, you’ll likely encounter both the RBT credential and job titles like “ABA therapist.” These aren’t competing roles, but rather points along a spectrum of experience, training, and professional commitment.
Instead of choosing one over the other, consider where you are in your journey—and where you want to go.
Start with Your Goals and Readiness
Ask yourself:
- Are you ready to complete a 40-hour training, pass a national exam, and commit to supervision?
- Do you want a clear credential that can follow you across employers and states?
- Are you exploring ABA as a possible long-term career—or just testing the waters?
Answering these questions can help you determine whether RBT certification is the right next step, or whether a more general “ABA therapist” role might be a better entry point.
Think About RBT as a Structured Stepping Stone
Becoming an RBT provides a nationally recognized foundation in ABA. It’s a great fit for those who want:
- Consistent job expectations
- Verified training and ethical oversight
- A pathway toward advancement, such as becoming a BCaBA or BCBA
However, not everyone enters the field this way. Some start as ABA therapists in uncertified roles, gain experience, and later decide to pursue RBT certification—or continue supporting clients in a more flexible, non-certified capacity.
Remember: Titles Don’t Always Reflect Training
Because “ABA therapist” is an unregulated term, it can describe certified RBTs, paraprofessionals, or even graduate students in training. If you’re evaluating a job opportunity or planning your career path, look beyond the title. Ask about supervision, training, and whether certification is supported or expected.
There’s no single right path—only what fits best with your current goals and future direction. Whether you pursue RBT certification now or later, understanding the distinctions behind these roles will help you make informed, confident choices.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is RBT better than ABA therapist?
Not necessarily—these terms refer to different things. RBT is a specific, nationally recognized credential with standardized training and supervision requirements. ABA therapist is a general job title that can refer to a wide range of roles—from entry-level paraprofessionals to highly trained professionals with degrees in psychology, behavior analysis, or education. The key is to look at the actual responsibilities, training, and supervision associated with each position, rather than relying solely on the job title.
Can I be hired as an ABA therapist without being certified?
Yes, in many cases. Because “ABA therapist” is not a protected or standardized title, some employers may hire individuals without certification and provide on-the-job training. However, roles that require an RBT credential will expect you to complete the 40-hour training, pass the BACB exam, and work under supervision.
What’s the process for becoming an RBT?
To become a Registered Behavior Technician, you’ll need to:
- Complete a 40-hour training based on the RBT Task List (2nd edition)
- Pass a competency assessment conducted by a qualified supervisor
- Submit an application to the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB)
- Pass the RBT exam
- Work under ongoing supervision from a BCBA or BCaBA
RBTs must also complete annual renewals and follow the RBT Ethics Code.
Will RBT certification help me become a BCBA?
Yes. While RBT certification isn’t required to become a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), it can be a helpful stepping stone. RBT experience provides hands-on exposure to ABA principles and clinical practice, which can strengthen graduate school applications and prepare you for advanced coursework and supervision requirements at the BCBA level.
Next Steps: Starting a Career in ABA
If you’re exploring a future in applied behavior analysis, understanding the difference between an RBT and an ABA therapist is an important first step. Because “ABA therapist” is a broad, often loosely defined title, clarity around training, supervision, and credentialing can help you make more informed decisions about your role and long-term goals.
If you’re ready to commit to structured training and national standards, pursuing RBT certification can provide:
- A clear entry point into the ABA field
- Credibility with employers and families
- A strong foundation for further advancement (e.g., becoming a BCBA)
If you’re still exploring or not sure where you want to go in the field, an ABA therapist position—certified or not—may offer valuable experience and help you decide whether to pursue certification or graduate-level study down the road.
No matter where you start, ask questions about expectations, supervision, and training. Seek out employers who support professional development, and be mindful of how your role prepares you for future opportunities in behavioral health or education.
The ABA field offers a range of career paths—and whether you begin as an RBT, an uncertified therapist, or a graduate student in training, thoughtful planning and a commitment to ethical practice can help you grow into a meaningful and rewarding role.